Formal logic
Formal logic is the study of logical statements and arguments using formal systems, which are composed of Symbolic language, Rules of inference, and Axioms. It provides a rigorous and systematic way to evaluate arguments, identify patterns of reasoning, and construct valid conclusions. Formal logic is closely related to Mathematics, particularly Set theory and Model theory, and has numerous applications in Computer science, Philosophy, and Linguistics. The development of formal logic is attributed to various mathematicians and logicians, including Aristotle, Gottlob Frege, and Bertrand Russell. Formal logic has also influenced the development of Artificial intelligence and Cognitive science.