Normal mapping
Normal mapping is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to add detail to a 3D model without increasing its Polygon count, allowing for more efficient rendering and improved visual fidelity. This is achieved by mapping a detailed, high-frequency Texture onto a simpler, low-frequency mesh, creating the illusion of complex geometry. The technique relies on the use of a Normal map, which stores the orientation of surface normals at each point on the mesh, allowing the graphics engine to simulate the appearance of intricate details such as bumps, grooves, and other fine-scale features. Normal mapping is commonly used in Video games and other real-time applications, where it helps to create immersive and engaging environments. The concept of normal mapping is related to other techniques such as Bump mapping and Displacement mapping, which also aim to add detail to 3D models.