Surface integral
A surface integral is a mathematical concept used to calculate the total amount of a Quantity distributed over a Surface, and is a fundamental tool in Calculus. It is used to find the Flux of a Vector field through a surface, and has numerous applications in Physics and Engineering. The surface integral is closely related to the Double integral, and is used to solve problems involving Electromagnetic fields, Fluid dynamics, and Heat transfer. Kurt Gödel's work on Dynamical systems also relies heavily on surface integrals.