Galaxy formation
Galaxy formation is the process by which galaxies, massive gravitationally bound systems consisting of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter, come into existence. The formation of galaxies is believed to have occurred during the early universe, around 13 billion years ago, as a result of the gravitational collapse of gas and dust. This process is closely tied to the formation of structure in the universe, including the creation of cosmic distance markers and the distribution of quasars. The study of galaxy formation involves the use of photometry and angular momentum to understand the dynamics of galaxy evolution. NASA and other space agencies have conducted extensive research on galaxy formation using space telescopes and other observational tools.